Final answer:
Function arguments in MATLAB refer to the input values passed to a function for computation, appearing in parentheses after the function name. These can be any type of data and are essential for the function to produce its output. They are similar to variables in mathematical equations used in fields like economics.
Step-by-step explanation:
In MATLAB and other programming environments, the term arguments of a function refers to the input values that are passed to the function to enable it to perform its computation. These values appear in parentheses right after the function name. An argument can be anything from a simple scalar value to complex data structures like arrays or matrices. The correct answer to the question from the student about what arguments represent in the context of a function is D) They are the input values passed to the function so that it can perform its computation.
For example, in the use of the sum function to add numbers in MATLAB, the numbers to be added together are the arguments to the sum function. This concept is not only present in MATLAB but is also a fundamental part of programming in general, where functions often need specific information to run properly and produce the desired output.
To illustrate further, economic models sometimes use mathematical functions to express relationships, like in the statement 'Professor = Adam Smith'. Function arguments would be analogous to variables in economic or mathematical equations, akin to 'x' and 'y' in a linear equation, where they can take on various values and impact the equation's outcome.