Final answer:
The character in question is Macbeth, a fierce warrior who becomes the Thane of Cawdor and then king due to a prophecy and his own ruthless ambition.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Shakespearean character who progresses from the Thane of Glamis to the Thane of Cawdor and eventually becomes king, after proving his prowess on the battlefield, is Macbeth. His journey is foretold by the witches' prophecy and is marked by a series of violent actions, fuelled by his ambition and the manipulations of his wife, Lady Macbeth. Described as a fierce warrior capable of brutal acts in battle, Macbeth's ascension to the throne follows a dark path of murder and betrayal that ultimately leads to his downfall.