Final answer:
Russia's industrialization led to severe social and political problems, including anti-Semitism, violent pogroms, and the economic disenfranchisement of urban workers which contributed to the build-up towards the Russian Revolution.
Step-by-step explanation:
The rapid industrialization in Russia during the late 19th and early 20th centuries brought significant social and political challenges along with technological and economic advancements. One of the most egregious issues was widespread anti-Semitism, which manifested in violent pogroms, institutionalized discrimination, and forced migrations. As Jews were blamed for various societal ills and restricted in terms of land ownership and professional opportunities, many sought refuge by emigrating to countries like the United States. With industrial growth, urbanization came labor exploitation, poor living conditions, and a loss of traditional social support structures, often resulting in family disruption, alcoholism, and increased dependence on state institutions.
During the Tsarist regime, policies like segregating Jews to the Pale of Settlement and imposing professional restrictions were commonplace. The consequences of such acts were brutally evident in events like the Odessa pogrom of 1905. Economic turmoil also played a role in the widespread dissatisfaction that eventually led to the Russian Revolution. Urban workers faced long hours, low pay, and inadequate housing, which further fueled the fires of revolution and demands for political change.