Final answer:
The methodology is atomic absorption spectrophotometry, where the energy absorbed by a substance indicates its concentration, measured against a source of the same material. This method is specifically used for the detection and quantification of elements within a sample.
Step-by-step explanation:
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
The methodology based on the amount of energy absorbed by a substance as a function of its concentration and using a specific source of the same material as the substance analyzed is called atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In this technique, a sample is vaporized and subjected to a light source that has the same elemental composition as the sample. Atoms in the sample absorb ultraviolet or visible light and make transitions to higher electronic energy levels. The absorptions correspond to the concentrations of elements within the sample. A detector measures the wavelengths absorbed by the sample, allowing quantification of the element within the sample.
Unlike other spectroscopy methods, atomic absorption spectrophotometry is unique in its ability to measure the concentration of a substance by comparing the absorbed energy to that of a standard. This method is highly specific and sensitive for detecting various elements, particularly metals. It is therefore widely used in analysis of minerals, water samples, biological specimens, and other materials where trace element analysis is required.