Final answer:
The human tendency to favor our in-group and negatively judge out-groups compared to our own is identified as ethnocentrism. It is a form of in-group bias that leads to discrimination and is reinforced by confirmation bias, causing people to ignore evidence that contradicts their own cultural beliefs. The correct option is b.
Step-by-step explanation:
The human tendency to prefer our in-group and to judge out-groups in comparison to our in-group is known as ethnocentrism. This is rooted in the psychological concept where individuals believe that their own culture or group is superior to others.
Ethnocentrism leads to viewing the world through one's own cultural filters, often creating negative judgments about those who are different, resulting in racism, sexism, ageism, and other forms of discrimination.
Ethnocentrism can cause various social issues, including group polarization and in-group bias, which reinforces the belief that one's in-group is better while out-groups are inferior.
This bias can promote confirmation bias, where individuals seek out information that confirms their existing beliefs and stereotypes, often disregarding contradictory evidence. Ethnocentric attitudes are maintained through cultural norms and can be detrimental to societal harmony and diversity acceptance. The correct option is b.