Final answer:
The passage primarily uses a metaphor to illustrate Stalin's leadership as controllable and directive, comparing it to a train driver expertly guiding a locomotive on a set path towards communism. The correct option is B.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the provided passage, the most prominently used figurative device is a metaphor. The text compares Stalin to a train driver, illustrating his control and direction towards socialism and communism as if he were operating a powerful and unswerving train on a set track. Unlike similes, which typically use 'like' or 'as' to make comparisons, and personification, which gives human attributes to non-human objects, a metaphor makes a direct comparison without using such connecting words. This metaphor emphasizes Stalin's role as an essential leader by suggesting he is at the helm of technological modernity and progress, much like a train driver confidently managing a locomotive.
The metaphorical imagery extends the concept of guiding the nation on a predetermined and certain path, much like how a train follows its tracks. It contrasts with other figurative devices, such as a simile comparing Twain's actions to a squirrel, which serves a different purpose by creating a vivid image of his experience through comparison.
The metaphor also carries symbolism, referring to the path metaphor in the context of Soviet propaganda, where Stalin, as the driver or leader, indicates the only acceptable direction for the society, which is towards the victory of communism. This compares with the helmsman metaphor, which while similar, implies a leader navigating multiple possible routes, in contrast to the singular path of the train driver.