Final answer:
Surveys are essential tools for sociologists, though public trust is variable due to the potential for surveys to rely on self-reported data and the confusion with non-scientific polls. The rise of 'fake news' has exacerbated distrust in research methods like surveys.
Step-by-step explanation:
Surveys are a crucial research method used by sociologists to collect data on a wide range of topics. However, there can be skepticism surrounding surveys, partly because they rely on self-reported information, which may not always accurately reflect actual behavior.
Surveys such as the U.S. Census are aimed at gathering sociological data on a large scale, but not all surveys serve this purpose. Some are targeted at identifying marketing needs or consumer preferences, like the Nielsen Ratings, while others from sources like television show polls may not provide scientifically generalizable results.
The term "fake news" has become prevalent in public discourse, fostering a broader distrust in various types of information, including research findings from surveys. This skepticism is exacerbated by the fact that many surveys conducted are not scientific but rather aimed at market research or entertainment purposes.
This mix of purposes can lead to confusion about the credibility of survey methods, despite the careful data collection processes sociologists employ to ensure accuracy.
Furthermore, the nature of sampling and the often invisible presence of sociologists in certain settings add to the complexity, as the chosen research method must suit the study topic, protect research participants, and align with researchers' overall approaches.
For sociological studies, researchers might use a mix of surveys, field research, or experiments depending on their subject matter, while always considering the strengths and limitations of each approach.