Final answer:
The primary function of sensory tracts in the white matter of the spinal cord is to transmit sensory information to the brain through the dorsal column system and the spinothalamic tract, which are segregated and have different decussation points for the precise interpretation of stimuli.
Step-by-step explanation:
The primary function of sensory (afferent) tracts located within the white matter of the spinal cord is to convey sensory information from the body up to the brain. The ascending sensory pathways, which include the dorsal column system and the spinothalamic tract, serve this vital role.
The dorsal column system specializes in transmitting sensations of fine touch, vibration, and proprioception. It ascends ipsilaterally to the source of the stimulus and crosses (decussates) in the medulla before reaching the brain. Conversely, the spinothalamic pathway focuses on relaying pain and temperature sensations.
This pathway decussates immediately at the level of entry into the spinal cord and then ascends contralaterally. These tracts are segregated within the spinal cord, allowing precise, localized detection, and interpretation of sensory stimuli to assess their proper functioning.