Final answer:
Emerging infectious diseases can arise from factors like failure to vaccinate, horizontal gene transfer, antibiotic misuse, and changing lifestyles. These factors contribute to the spread and evolution of pathogens, with human behavior playing a significant role in their emergence.
Step-by-step explanation:
Factors that lead to emerging infectious diseases include a variety of elements, most of which result from human activities and behaviors. The correct answers to the question are:
A. Failure to vaccinate - When people do not get vaccines for existing diseases, the risk for those diseases to spread and potentially evolve increases.
B. Horizontal gene transfer - This is a mechanism by which bacteria, for example, can share antibiotic resistance genes, making control of bacterial diseases more difficult.
E. Antibiotic misuse - Overuse or misuse of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance, resulting in diseases that were once manageable becoming hard to treat.
F. Changing lifestyles - This includes increased urbanization, travel, and interaction with wildlife, all of which can lead to the spread and emergence of new diseases.