Final answer:
To determine survey question bias, one must analyze for framing and ensure neutrality in the wording. A straightforward, unbiased rephrasing is critical for obtaining truthful responses. Neutral language and awareness of interviewer characteristics contribute to reducing bias.
Step-by-step explanation:
Determining whether a survey question is biased involves analyzing its wording to ensure it does not lead respondents toward a particular answer. A survey question may exhibit bias by framing, which is when the wording suggests a right or wrong answer or presents a specific viewpoint before soliciting an opinion. An example of a biased question might be, “Given the high unemployment rate, do you approve of the job President Biden is doing?” This question implies a negative context (high unemployment) which may influence the respondent's perception before they answer.
To reduce bias in survey questions, one should formulate them to be straightforward and neutral. Instead of the previous example, a better question would be, “Do you approve of the job President Biden is doing?” This question does not frame the query with any preconditions and allows for a more truthful and unbiased response. By avoiding biased language, questionnaires can yield qualitative and quantitative data that are more reflective of the true opinions of the participants.
Surveys should also aim to be free of interviewer bias, where the identity of the person conducting the interview may influence responses. Steps to improve a survey include using neutral language, considering the characteristics of the interviewer, and avoiding questions that require complex justification, such as 'why' questions that can be harder for participants to answer candidly.