Final Answer:
(a) The bias in the survey is best described as Nonresponse bias.
(b) To remedy this bias, the polling organization should try contacting households that do not respond by phone or face-to-face (Option C).
Step-by-step explanation:
(a) The bias observed in the survey is Nonresponse bias. This type of bias occurs when respondents chosen for the survey differ systematically from those who do not respond. In this case, the low response rate (only 42 out of 1398 households responded) indicates a potential nonresponse bias. The responses obtained may not accurately represent the entire population of households, leading to skewed estimations about the percentage of households speaking a second language.
(b) To mitigate Nonresponse bias, the polling organization should attempt to contact households that did not respond initially. Following up with non-respondents through phone calls or face-to-face visits allows for additional attempts to gather data, potentially reducing the bias. This approach aims to increase the response rate and ensure a more representative sample by including a broader spectrum of households. It could provide a more accurate estimation of the percentage of households speaking a second language.
Other suggested remedies, like mailing questionnaires to each person in the households (Option A), limiting the selection to households in a single state (Option B), or increasing the number of mailed questionnaires (Option D), might not effectively address the nonresponse bias. These approaches might introduce other biases or fail to address the issue of nonresponse, potentially leading to skewed estimations. Therefore, contacting non-respondents directly is a more appropriate and targeted strategy to reduce the nonresponse bias in this survey.
Complete Question:
The survey has bias. (a) Determine the type of bias. (b) Suggest a remedy. A polling organization conducts a study to estimate the peroantage of households that speak a second language. It mails a questionnaire to 1398 randomly selected households across the country and asks the head of each household if he or she speaks a second language. Of the 1398 households selected, 42 responded (a) Which of these best describes the bias in the survey? O Nonresponse bias O Sampling bias O Response bias O Undercoverage bias (b) How can the bias be remedied? 0 A. The polling organization should mail the questionnaire to each person in the households. B. The polling organization should only select households in a single state ° C. The polling organization should try contacting households that do not respond by phone or face-to-face. O D. The polling organization should mail the questionnaire to a greater number of households.