Final answer:
Calculating Caulder’s profit margin requires revenue and expense data, which are not provided. The debt-to-capital ratio can be calculated using the total debt ($100) and total equity ($30), resulting in a ratio of approximately 76.9%.
Step-by-step explanation:
To calculate Caulder’s profit margin, we need information on the firm's revenues and expenses, which are not provided in the question. But to calculate the debt-to-capital ratio, we use the financial data given. Caulder's total debt is the sum of its bonds and loans, which is $50 + $50 = $100. The total capital is the sum of debt and equity, so it is $100 (debt) + $30 (equity) = $130. The debt-to-capital ratio is then the total debt divided by the total capital, which equals $100 / $130, or approximately 0.769, or 76.9%.
According to the national saving and investment identity, it is crucial to understand the supply and demand in the financial capital market before beginning calculations. Supply in this context comprises savings, represented by investments such as bonds and loans, while demand consists of the need for financial capital by businesses and individuals. For businesses like Caulder, maintaining a healthy debt-to-capital ratio reflects prudent financial management and affects the firm's ability to secure future financing at favorable rates.