Final answer:
The velocity of a rock thrown upwards and falling back down can be analyzed using conservation of energy and motion equations. Absent air resistance, the rock's speed as it passes the original height on the way down would match the initial toss speed. In a hole 10 meters deep, the rock's speed would further increase due to gravity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question involves calculating the velocity of a rock thrown upwards and how it behaves when it falls back, particularly into a hole. In physics, especially classical mechanics, this scenario can be analyzed using the principles of conservation of energy and the equations of motion. Initially, the rock is thrown with a certain speed (initial velocity) and goes up against gravity until it comes to a stop at its highest point (due to gravitational deceleration), then it falls back down.
As the rock falls, it gains speed due to gravity. If we ignored air resistance and other potential energy losses, the rock would reach the same speed it had when it was tossed upwards, but in the opposite direction, as it passes the original launch height on its way down. If this rock then continues to fall into a hole that is 10 meters deep, its speed would further increase due to gravity's continuous acceleration until it hits the bottom.