Question

Organize the following techniques from oldest to newest.

a.CRISPR-Cas 9 technology
b.Liquid scintillation counting
c.Atomic force microscopy
d.Amplification of DNA (polymerase chain reaction)

Answer 1

The techniques listed in the question are organized from oldest to newest: Liquid scintillation counting, amplification of DNA (PCR), atomic force microscopy, and CRISPR-Cas9 technology.

Step-by-step explanation:

The techniques listed can be organized from oldest to newest based on when they were developed:

1. Liquid scintillation counting - an early radioactivity measurement technique, developed in the 1950s, which is used for detecting and quantifying small amounts of radioactive isotopes.
2. Amplification of DNA (polymerase chain reaction, PCR) - a method developed in 1983 by Kary Mullis, which allows for the amplification of a specific DNA segment. Mullis was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1993 for this invention.
3. Atomic force microscopy - invented in 1986, this technique allows scientists to see surfaces and structures at the atomic scale by measuring forces between a sharp probe and the surface of a sample.
4. CRISPR-Cas9 technology - the most recent development, emerging around 2012, this gene editing tool allows for precise and targeted modifications to DNA sequences in living organisms.