Final answer:
Chlorine gas reacts with hydroxide ions in water to form chloride and chlorate ions in a disproportionation redox reaction with the balanced chemical equation being 3 Cl₂ (g) + 6 OH- (aq) → 5 Cl- (aq) + ClO3- (aq) + 3 H₂O (l).
Step-by-step explanation:
When chlorine gas (Cl₂) reacts with water (H₂O), different products can form depending on the conditions. Under basic conditions, chlorine reacts with hydroxide ions (OH-) to form chloride ions (Cl-) and chlorate ions (ClO3-) in a disproportionation reaction. Disproportionation is a type of redox reaction where an element is both oxidized and reduced.
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between chlorine gas and hydroxide ions in basic solution is:
3 Cl₂ (g) + 6 OH- (aq) → 5 Cl- (aq) + ClO3- (aq) + 3 H₂O (l)
During this reaction, one chlorine atom is oxidized to chlorate (ClO3-), while five chlorine atoms are reduced to chloride ions (Cl-).
The reaction between Cl2 and H2O is a disproportionation reaction in which the chlorine atom is both oxidized and reduced. In basic solution, Cl2 reacts with hydroxide ions, OH-, to yield chloride ions, Cl-, and chlorate ions, ClO3-.
The balanced equation for this reaction is:
Cl2 + 2OH- → Cl- + ClO3- + H2O