Question

A number of different mutations can alter structure, including (check all that apply)

a) inversions.
b) deletions.
c) translocations.
d) transductions.
e) duplications.

Answer 1

The mutations that can alter chromosome structure are inversions, deletions, translocations, and duplications. Transduction, usually associated with horizontal gene transfer by viruses, is not a chromosomal alteration.

Step-by-step explanation:

A number of different mutations can alter chromosome structure, including:

• Inversions: This is when a section of a chromosome breaks off, flips around, and reattaches. This can disrupt the gene sequence.
• Deletions: A portion of a chromosome is lost, which can remove one or more genes and have various effects depending on which genes are lost.
• Translocations: This occurs when a segment of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to a different chromosome, potentially leading to genetic diseases depending on the genes involved.
• Duplications: An extra copy of a portion of a chromosome is made, which can lead to an increase in dosage of certain genes.
• Transductions: While 'transduction' is a term in genetics, it usually refers to a form of horizontal gene transfer by viruses, and not necessarily a chromosomal structural alteration.

Therefore, the types of mutations that can alter chromosome structure and that apply to the question are inversions, deletions, translocations, and duplications.