Final answer:
The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system includes all the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.
Step-by-step explanation:
Central Nervous System
The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord. The brain is responsible for processing and interpreting information, initiating actions, and controlling bodily functions. The spinal cord serves as a pathway for nerve signals between the brain and the rest of the body.
Peripheral Nervous System
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes all the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord. It is divided into the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements and sensory perception, while the autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary functions such as heart rate, digestion, and breathing.