Final answer:
The magnitude of the force experienced by both positive and negative charges of equal magnitude and at the same distance is the same; however, the accelerations differ due to the mass difference between the charges.
Step-by-step explanation:
The magnitude of the force experienced by both positive and negative charges is the same when the charges are equal in magnitude. According to Coulomb's Law, the electric force between two point charges is directly proportional to the product of the magnitudes of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. This means if two charges, one positive and one negative, have the same magnitude and are at the same distance from each other, the magnitude of the forces acting on them will be equal. However, the directions of these forces will be opposite, as the force is attractive between opposite charges. Additionally, even though the magnitudes of the forces are the same, the acceleration experienced by the charges will be different due to their different masses, as described by Newton's second law of motion (F = ma). A lighter charge like an electron will experience a greater acceleration than a heavier charge like a proton, when subjected to the same force.