Final answer:
The Sturm-Liouville problem involves finding the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of a second-order linear differential equation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Sturm-Liouville problem involves finding the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of a second-order linear differential equation in the form:
(p(x)y')' + q(x)y + λw(x)y = 0
Where p(x), q(x), and w(x) are given functions, and y(x) is the unknown eigenfunction. The eigenvalues λ and the corresponding eigenfunctions y(x) can be found by solving this differential equation using appropriate boundary conditions. The eigenvalues represent the allowed energies of the system, while the eigenfunctions represent the stationary states.