Final answer:
Animal cells contain several structures, including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria, the endomembrane system, and the cytoskeleton. Differences between animal and plant cells include the absence of a cell wall, central vacuole, and chloroplasts in animal cells.
Step-by-step explanation:
Eukaryotic animal cells have several key structures, each playing a critical role in the cell's function. Some of these structures include the plasma membrane, which serves as a barrier to protect the cell and regulate the movement of substances in and out of the cell. Inside the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm contains organelles such as the nucleus, which houses DNA and controls the cell's activities through gene expression. Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis, while the mitochondria are responsible for energy production through cellular respiration.
Additionally, the endomembrane system, which includes the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, is essential for protein and lipid processing and transport. The cytoskeleton, comprising microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules, provides structural support and facilitates cell movement and division. Finally, other organelles like lysosomes and peroxisomes are crucial for waste disposal and breaking down toxic substances, respectively.
Differences Between Animal and Plant Cells
There are key differences between animal and plant cells. Animal cells lack certain structures found in plant cells, such as a cell wall, central vacuole, and chloroplasts. The cell wall in plant cells provides additional support and protection. The central vacuole serves as a storage for water and other substances, and it maintains turgor pressure within the plant cell. Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis, converting sunlight into chemical energy.