Final answer:
The option stating that schools for middle- and upper-class students emphasize explaining why something is done is NOT observed in the texts provided, which discuss how socioeconomic factors influence educational methods and opportunities.
Step-by-step explanation:
The observation that schools for middle- and upper-class students emphasize providing explanations of why something is done in a particular way is NOT mentioned in the text provided. According to the text, schools for affluent students focus on creative activities while schools for middle-class students stress getting the right answer.
Schools with low-income students often emphasize procedure and rote memorization. This dichotomy reflects the broader issue of how social class affects educational opportunities and outcomes, as students from lower socioeconomic backgrounds face various challenges that may impact their academic progress.