Final answer:
Yes, the explanatory variable can be independently associated with the response variable.
Step-by-step explanation:
Yes, the explanatory variable can be independently associated with the response variable. The explanatory variable is the variable that is manipulated or controlled by the researcher, while the response variable is the variable that is measured or observed to see the effect of the explanatory variable. In a well-designed experiment, the researcher can establish a cause-and-effect relationship between the two variables.