Final answer:
A performance gap is exemplified by a student scoring lower than their peers on exams. Factors like socioeconomic status play a major role in these gaps, and proposals to address them include school choice and student vouchers.
Step-by-step explanation:
An example of a performance gap would be a student consistently scoring lower than their peers on exams, making choice 1) the correct answer. Performance gaps often refer to the discrepancies in academic achievements such as test scores, grades, and graduation rates among different groups. These disparities can be influenced by various factors including socioeconomic status, access to resources, and support systems both within and outside of educational settings.
It's important to highlight that recognition of performance gaps can lead to conversations and policy proposals aimed at closing these gaps. Proposals have included testing students regularly, rewarding high-performance teachers or schools, implementing additional teacher training, introducing school choice options, and providing student vouchers.
However, despite various attempts to address these gaps through legislation and school policy changes, a significant challenge remains in dealing with the root causes of these discrepancies, which are often connected to broader socioeconomic disparities.