Final answer:
The current delivered by a battery is dictated by Ohm's Law and is influenced by the battery's electromotive force and internal resistance. The efficiency and energy dissipation rate are also affected by the internal resistance.
Step-by-step explanation:
The current delivered by a battery can be determined by using Ohm's Law, which is I = V/R, where I is the current, V is the voltage (also known as electromotive force or emf), and R is the resistance. A car battery, for example, with a 12-V emf and an internal resistance of 0.050 ohms being charged with a current of 60 A, would experience a potential difference across its terminals due to the internal resistance. The potential difference can be found by subtracting the voltage drop across the internal resistance (I * internal resistance) from the emf of the battery.
Internal resistance affects the current output and efficiency of the battery. As a battery is being charged or discharged, the internal resistance plays a role in the overall potential difference across the battery's terminals and in the rate at which thermal energy is dissipated.
When considering the energy delivered by a battery, it is necessary to understand that batteries have a specified amount of charge they can deliver, which is given as a current multiplied by a time. For example, a 9-V alkaline battery's charge capacity might be specified as 565 mAh.