Question

Select all of the true statements regarding chemical equilibrium?

1) The rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction at equilibrium.
2) The concentrations of reactants and products remain constant at equilibrium.
3) The equilibrium constant can be used to calculate the extent of the reaction.
4) Increasing the temperature always shifts the equilibrium towards the products.
5) Adding a catalyst affects the position of equilibrium.

Answer 1

The true statements about chemical equilibrium are: the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal at equilibrium, the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant at equilibrium, and the equilibrium constant can calculate the extent of the reaction.

Step-by-step explanation:

Selecting all of the true statements regarding chemical equilibrium from the options given, we find that:

1. The rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction at equilibrium. This is a correct statement and one of the key characteristics of a chemical equilibrium.
2. The concentrations of reactants and products remain constant at equilibrium, which also defines the dynamic nature of chemical equilibrium.
3. The equilibrium constant can be used to calculate the extent of the reaction, indicating how far a reaction has proceeded and what the relative concentrations of the reactants and products are.
4. Increasing the temperature does not always shift the equilibrium towards the products. The effect of temperature on equilibrium depends on whether the reaction is exothermic or endothermic. For exothermic reactions, an increase in temperature shifts the equilibrium towards the reactants.
5. Adding a catalyst affects the rate at which equilibrium is reached, but it does not affect the position of equilibrium.