Final answer:
The most appropriate step for authors who feel their manuscript was unfairly reviewed is to submit a formal complaint to the journal editor. This allows them to professionally present their concerns with an opportunity to have the manuscript re-reviewed or to receive further guidance. Option 1 is the correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
Responding to Unfair Peer Review
When authors believe that their manuscript was reviewed unfairly, the standard and most appropriate action to take is to submit a formal complaint to the journal editor. Directly contacting reviewers is not usually feasible or acceptable due to the double-blind nature of the review process.
Withdrawing the manuscript and submitting it to a different journal could be a reaction to a persistent pattern of unfair reviews, but it may also lead to a loss of time and potential contribution to science if the concerns can be addressed. Accepting the review and revising the manuscript is often necessary but should be done only if the authors find the feedback to be constructive and accurate. If they believe the review process was biased or flawed, they need to construct a well-reasoned appeal that details why they believe the review was not fair.
It is important to approach this situation with professionalism and clear communication. Authors should review the comments carefully, reflect on whether any of the criticisms are valid, and respond accordingly. A formal letter to the editor can convey the authors' concerns and provide evidence or arguments to support their case. If the editor is persuaded, they may initiate a re-review or guide how to proceed. Ultimately, effective communication and an understanding of the peer-review process are key to resolving instances of perceived unfair peer review.
In the scenario where an unfair review is perceived, the correct option is Option 1: Submit a formal complaint to the journal editor.