Final answer:
Planning, as a proactive process, reduces the need for "management-by-crisis" by anticipating situations and taking action before a crisis occurs.
Step-by-step explanation:
Planning, as a proactive process, can significantly reduce the need for "management-by-crisis". It involves anticipating situations, making sacrifices for the greater good, and recognizing the importance of taking action before a crisis occurs. By having a well-thought-out plan in place, individuals and organizations can avoid sudden emergencies and respond in a timely manner to potential threats or challenges.