Final answer:
Common problems in health insurance programs stem from high deductibles, limited provider networks, denial of claims, and historically, the lack of coverage for pre-existing conditions. The ACA has addressed some issues, but challenges like underinsurance and high costs persist. The correct answer is option 5.
Step-by-step explanation:
Common issues that arise in health insurance programs include a variety of challenges. Lack of coverage for pre-existing conditions was historically a major hurdle, as insurers would either charge higher rates or deny coverage outright to individuals deemed high-risk due to their health history. With the introduction of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), eligibility for programs like Medicaid increased, and insurance for those with pre-existing conditions became guaranteed.
However, challenges persist. Many individuals still face high deductibles and out-of-pocket costs, which can make healthcare unaffordable even for those with insurance. Often, health insurance plans come with a limited network of healthcare providers, which restricts patient choice and access to certain doctors or hospitals. Another significant problem is the denial of claims, where insurance companies may refuse to cover certain treatments or services, leaving patients financially vulnerable.
These problems contribute to higher overall healthcare costs, as those without adequate insurance may utilize more expensive emergency room services.