Final answer:
A red herring fallacy diverts attention to a new subject, bandwagon fallacy appeals to the belief that something is true because many others believe it, and circular reasoning is when the conclusion is assumed in the premise. Examples are provided for each fallacy.
Step-by-step explanation:
Red Herring Fallacy:
A red herring fallacy is when someone diverts the attention of the audience to a new subject in order to avoid addressing the original issue. This fallacy is named after a smelly smoked fish used to train hunting dogs. For example, if someone is asked about their stance on climate change and they respond by discussing a completely unrelated topic like economic policies, it would be a red herring fallacy.
Bandwagon Fallacy:
A bandwagon fallacy occurs when someone argues that something must be true or correct because many other people believe it or are doing it. It is a form of peer pressure that appeals to the fear of being left out. For instance, if an advertisement claims that everyone is buying a certain product, so you should too, it is using the bandwagon fallacy.
Circular Reasoning Fallacy:
Circular reasoning is a fallacy where the conclusion is already assumed in the premise or restated in different words. It creates a logical loop without actually providing any evidence or support. An example of circular reasoning would be saying that the Bible is true because it says so, without providing any external evidence.