Final answer:
Formal institutions include laws, regulations, and rules option (1). They are composed of explicit, written norms designed to organize and govern societal actions, and they are strictly enforced, although to varying degrees.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the options provided regarding formal institutions, the true statement is that they include laws, regulations, and rules. Formal institutions comprise established, written rules that are designed to serve and properly manage the greatest number of people.
Examples of these norms include but are not limited to employee manuals, college entrance exam requirements, and instructional signs at places like swimming pools.
Formal institutions differ from informal institutions, which are typically unwritten cultural norms, ethics, and social norms such as family customs or local business practices. These formal institutions have specific and clearly defined norms that are the most strictly enforced, although the extent of enforcement can vary based on the institution and societal values.
Political institutions like legislatures, the executive branch, and the judiciary are also formal institutions that have explicit rules and practices to define relationships and interactions among their members.