Final answer:
Julian Rotter's view focuses on individual characteristics and expectations, while John Watson's view emphasizes conditioning and environmental influences on behavior.
Step-by-step explanation:
Julian Rotter and John Watson had different views on what causes human behavior. Rotter's view, known as social-cognitive theory, suggests that behavior is influenced by a person's individual characteristics and their environment.
He believed that people are motivated to seek rewards and avoid punishment, and that behavior is influenced by an individual's expectations about the outcomes of their actions.
On the other hand, Watson's behaviorist perspective emphasized the role of conditioning and learning in shaping behavior.
He believed that all behavior, including human behavior, is learned through the process of stimulus-response associations.
Watson argued that human behavior is largely determined by environmental factors and conditioning, and that individual differences are not as important as the environmental influences on behavior.
In summary, Rotter's view focuses on the importance of individual characteristics and expectations, while Watson's view emphasizes the role of conditioning and environmental influences on behavior.