Question

Correct Answer: DRationale: Antibiotic therapy should be instituted rapidly in bacterial meningitis, but cultures must be done before antibiotics are started. As soon as the cultures are done, the antibiotic should be started. Administration of dexamethasone and initiation of hypothermia therapy should be done as quickly as possible once cultures and antibiotics are initiated

Answer 1

Bacterial meningitis is a life-threatening infection requiring prompt antibiotic treatment. A lumbar puncture is performed for diagnosis, and treatment often includes a combination of antibiotics, possibly alongside vaccines for those in close contact with the patient.

Step-by-step explanation:

Bacterial meningitis is a serious and rapidly progressing infection of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. Diagnosis involves observing symptoms and obtaining cultures of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through a lumbar puncture, also known as a spinal tap.

Immediate antibiotic treatment is crucial, even before lab results confirm the specific pathogen, to prevent the spread of infection and potential fatalities. Vaccines, like the Hib polysaccharide conjugate vaccine, are available for certain causative agents, such as H. influenzae, to help prevent the disease.

If bacterial meningitis is confirmed, individuals in close contact with the patient may need prophylactic antibiotics or vaccination, depending on the causative agent. The treatment for bacterial meningitis typically involves a combination of antibiotics, such as ampicillin and gentamicin, and may include corticosteroids like dexamethasone to reduce inflammation and supportive care.

For instance, when N. meningitidis is suspected, as in the case of Hannah, the preferred antibiotic is ceftriaxone. Her contact may require vaccines to protect against N. meningitidis. In case results are negative for bacteria and fungi, as with Cora, other forms of meningitis, like viral meningitis, may be considered, which does not respond to antibiotics.