Final answer:
The null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (H1) must be mutually exclusive and exhaustive, meaning they cannot be true at the same time, and all possible outcomes are covered between them.
Step-by-step explanation:
When stating the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (H1), they must be mutually exclusive and exhaustive. Being mutually exclusive means that H0 and H1 cannot both be true at the same time; if one is true, the other must be false. This relationship can be demonstrated with the principle that if events A and B are mutually exclusive, then P(A AND B) = 0. Exhaustiveness implies that between H0 and H1, all possible outcomes are covered, leaving no scenario unaccounted for. Thus, the correct answers are options a and c.