Final Answer:
According to Paul Rozin and colleagues (1999), anger is elicited by a violation of expectations or standards, particularly those related to fairness, justice, or personal rights. When individuals perceive a discrepancy between what they believe should occur and what actually happens, it can trigger feelings of anger.
Step-by-step explanation:
Rozin and colleagues' research suggests that anger arises when individuals experience a perceived violation of their expectations or standards. This violation often involves aspects related to fairness, justice, or personal rights. For instance, if someone feels unfairly treated or encounters a situation that contradicts their beliefs about what is just or right, it can provoke anger as a response. This reaction is influenced by the individual's subjective assessment of the situation, where they gauge the divergence between their expectations and the actual event.
The emotional response of anger is connected to the discrepancy between the perceived norms or standards and the reality of a situation. This violation can be explicit or implicit, meaning it might involve direct instances of injustice or perceived unfairness, or it could relate to more subtle infringements on personal rights or beliefs. The intensity of the anger may vary depending on the significance of the violated expectation, individual differences, and contextual factors that shape one's understanding of fairness and justice.
Overall, Rozin and colleagues' findings emphasize that anger is not only a result of specific actions but also stems from the subjective evaluation of those actions against an individual's internalized standards or expectations. Understanding these triggers for anger can help in managing and addressing situations that might provoke such emotional responses.