Final answer:
A robust test is insensitive to its underlying mathematical assumptions and can often be used despite violations of those assumptions.
Step-by-step explanation:
A robust test, in the context of statistical hypothesis testing, refers to a test that is not heavily influenced by violations of its underlying assumptions. In other words, a robust test is designed to provide reliable results even when certain assumptions about the data distribution or other conditions are not met.
A robust test is one that is insensitive to its underlying mathematical assumptions and can often be used despite violations of those assumptions (option d).