Final answer:
Richard S. Lazarus and Susan Folkman developed a taxonomy of coping strategies, which includes problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping.
Step-by-step explanation:
The early psychologist who developed a taxonomy of coping strategies was Richard S. Lazarus along with his collaborator, Susan Folkman. In 1984, Lazarus and Folkman distinguished two fundamental kinds of coping: problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping.
Problem-focused coping involves managing or altering the problem causing stress, similar to everyday problem-solving. It usually entails identifying the problem, considering solutions, and selecting an alternative to address the issue directly.
Emotion-focused coping, by contrast, consists of efforts to change or reduce the negative emotions associated with stress and may include strategies such as avoidance, minimizing, or seeking positive aspects in negative events.