Final answer:
A walking survey is a type of field research used for collecting data through observation and does not exclude individuals using mobility aids. Fieldwork and surveys vary based on the research goal, and sociological methods like participant observation offer in-depth insights from within the environment studied.
Step-by-step explanation:
A walking survey is a form of field research in which data is collected through observations by physically moving through the community.
Contrary to the assumption that a walking survey can't be conducted by individuals in wheelchairs, it indeed can be done by anyone capable of navigating through the environment — the term "walking" is not meant to exclude those who use wheelchairs or other mobility aids.
In addition, an intimate knowledge of the community is not a prerequisite for conducting a walking survey; researchers may enter new communities with the goal of gaining insight through their observations.
Fieldwork varies based on disciplinary requirements and the nature of the research question. For example, studying consumer opinions about a new product may require a survey, while understanding patterns at a fast-food restaurant might necessitate direct observation.
It allows researchers to explore and observe over time, revealing insights that may not be captured through surveys alone, although surveys are an excellent tool for gathering self-reported information on a wide range of topics, including personal behaviors and opinions.