Final answer:
Food insecurity is primarily caused by failure of government macroeconomic policies and poverty. Factors such as increasing cost of goods and services, decrease in state funding for universities, and increasing tuition costs are not direct causes of food insecurity.
Step-by-step explanation:
Food insecurity is primarily caused by the failure of government macroeconomic policies. According to economist Amartya Sen, food shortages and insecurity are more often the result of inadequate government policies and failures in food distribution, rather than the availability of food. Sen's research emphasizes the importance of stable inflation, full employment, education of women, and protection of property rights in eliminating starvation and achieving an even distribution of food.
Additionally, poverty is another major driver of food insecurity. Poverty reduction and food security do not always occur together, and lack of economic and physical access to food at national and household levels contributes to the problem. Addressing wealth inequalities and improving access to nutritious food will help reduce undernutrition and food insecurity.
It is important to note that the factors mentioned in the question, such as increasing cost of goods and services, decrease in state funding for universities, and increasing tuition costs, do not directly contribute to the rise of food insecurity.