Final answer:
Isaac Newton's Principia, published in 1687, outlined the laws of motion and universal gravitation, forming the foundation of classical mechanics. It united the scientific advancements of his predecessors, like Galileo and Kepler, into a comprehensive explanation of the physical universe.
Step-by-step explanation:
The monumental work in which Sir Isaac Newton provided an axiomatic system for explaining motion and nature both on Earth and in the heavens is known as the Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, often referred to simply as the Principia. Published in 1687, this work includes Newton's famous laws of motion, the law of universal gravitation, and laid the groundwork for classical mechanics. It synthesized previous theories and discoveries from great thinkers such as Galileo Galilei and Johannes Kepler into a comprehensive framework for understanding the physical universe.
Newton's Principia set forth three core laws of motion that describe the relationship between a body and the forces acting upon it, and its motion in response to those forces. These laws of motion along with the law of gravity offer a predictive framework for a wide range of phenomena in both terrestrial and celestial mechanics. His efforts in this work also contributed to the development of calculus and advancements in the theories of light and color.