Final answer:
The correct answer is option (c) deliberation. The three correct categories are encoding, storage, and retrieval, which align with the Atkinson-Shiffrin model of memory operations.
Step-by-step explanation:
The operations through which we gain new knowledge, retain that knowledge, and later use that knowledge are categorized into three main functions according to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model of memory. They are encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is the act of getting information into our memory system, storage refers to the retention of that information, and retrieval is the act of getting information out of storage and into conscious awareness.
When we look at the options provided in the student's question, (a) retrieval is certainly one of those categories, as it is the process of getting information out of memory storage. (b) acquisition, while not typically used in reference to the memory processes, could be synonymously seen as encoding or learning. (c) deliberation is not one of the three categories, as it more generally refers to long, careful consideration or discussion. Finally, (d) storage is another correct category, which refers to the retention of encoded information.
Therefore, the category that is NOT one of the three functions of memory is (c) deliberation.