Final answer:
The management perspective focused on improving individual employee performance is scientific management, which involves measuring and optimizing employee tasks for efficiency. Strengths-based management also relates to enhancing performance by leveraging an individual's inherent talents.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of management perspective that deals with improving the performance of individual employees is c. Scientific management. This approach, evident from the work of Frederick W. Taylor, is aimed at increasing productivity through optimized operation methods and enhancing workforce efficiency. It emphasizes measuring and improving the performance of individuals on the job. With scientific management, tasks are standardized, employees are trained to perform their tasks in the most efficient way, and their performance is closely monitored.
Conversely, a strengths-based management approach, often associated with Donald Clifton's research, suggests that focusing on an individual's strengths rather than their weaknesses can potentially enhance employee performance; although its impact on overall organizational performance requires further research. This view aligns with Douglas McGregor's Theory Y, which posits that employees are naturally motivated and capable of self-direction, thriving in more collaborative and less controlling environments.