Final answer:
The field of administrative management is most pertinent when seeking to understand how to manage the total organization. It encompasses principles that guide managers in holistic organizational strategy and effectiveness, as opposed to the more focused areas of scientific management and industrial psychology.
Step-by-step explanation:
To learn more about managing the total organization, one should study the administrative area of classical management. This field emphasizes the understanding and design of the overall organizational structure and executive management. It extends beyond the focus of scientific management, which concentrates on work and productivity efficiency, and industrial psychology, which intertwines the attributes of jobs and job applicants, and the fit between them.
The administrative theory was most prominently developed by Henri Fayol, who believed that more attention should be given to managerial activities and the necessity to manage the entire organizations holistically. His approach encompasses a set of principles that guide managers in organizing and interacting with the total organization. Therefore, administrative management is the key to understanding and implementing organizational strategy and effectiveness.
On the other hand, Theory X and Theory Y are more focused on leadership behavior and employee motivation rather than managing the organization as a whole. These theories, introduced by Douglas McGregor, suggest contrasting approaches of managerial beliefs about employee motivation and their implications on management style. While these are important aspects of organizational psychology, they do not solely address the management of the total organization in the same breadth as administrative theory.