Final answer:
The newest form of leadership to emerge, as suggested by the provided resources, is charismatic leadership, particularly in the context of societies undergoing significant changes. This leadership style is characterized by strong personal influence and the ability to inspire followers during transformative periods in society.
Step-by-step explanation:
The newest form of leadership discussed in the context of the provided references appears to be charismatic leadership in a transformative or revolutionary context. Emerging research in psychology is pointing toward the importance of understanding the dynamic between leaders and followers, specifically through the lens of followership. This form of leadership emphasizes the influence of social and environmental factors on the emergence of certain leadership styles, especially ones that are charismatic and transformational, leading to the creation of new rituals and traditions within societies undergoing significant change.
Charismatic leaders are those who possess certain qualities that resonate strongly with their followers and their society's needs, often in times of upheaval. Their personal qualities and the societal context in which they emerge contribute considerably to their ability to mobilize followers and implement change. Beyond individual characteristics, the research underscores the complex interaction between a leader's message, the pre-existing societal conditions, and the followers' needs and expectations.
Moreover, the concept of McDonaldization, which refers to the principles of efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control guiding leadership and organizational strategies, is contrasted to charismatic leadership, further illustrating the range of contemporary leadership models. The role of followers in shaping leadership, the environmental influences, and the shift towards transformative styles all signal the ongoing evolution in leadership research and theory.