Final Answer:
Folkways include all of the following except legal or formal rules and regulations.
Step-by-step explanation:
Folkways refer to the customary behaviors, manners, and traditions observed within a particular society. They are informal norms governing everyday conduct, but they do not encompass legal or formal rules and regulations. Folkways are more ingrained in culture and are often unwritten social expectations that guide individuals on appropriate behavior. While folkways are crucial for maintaining social order, they differ from formal rules, laws, and regulations that are established by legal authorities and typically carry legal consequences.
In social sciences, folkways are considered a subset of norms, which are shared expectations about appropriate behavior. They represent the customary and habitual ways of doing things within a community, serving as a social glue that fosters cohesion. Folkways are distinguished from mores, which involve stronger social norms and often carry moral significance. While both folkways and mores contribute to social order, they operate on different levels of societal importance. Legal or formal rules and regulations, on the other hand, are explicit laws enforced by governmental bodies, contrasting with the informal nature of folkways.
In summary, folkways encompass a wide range of informal norms governing social behaviors but do not extend to legal or formal rules and regulations. Understanding the distinction between folkways and formal rules is crucial for comprehending the intricate fabric of social norms and structures within a given society.