Final answer:
Individuals whose psychic energy flows outward are known as extroverted types. They are sociable, gain energy from being around others, and are contrasted with introverted types who gain energy from within. Carl Jung's work as well as many personality theories like MBTI consider these attitudes crucial for understanding personality.
Step-by-step explanation:
People whose psychic energy tends to "flow outward" toward external reality are described as extroverted types. These individuals are typically characterized as sociable and outgoing, and they gain energy from interaction with others.
In contrast, introverted types are those who may either be reserved or sociable, but their energy predominantly comes from within, often requiring solitude to recharge.
Carl Jung's theory places significant emphasis on these two attitudes, considering them fundamental to understanding personality.
Extroverts are often more comfortable in social situations, while introverts may be more withdrawn. It's important to note that a balance between extroversion and introversion is considered ideal for achieving self-realization.
Additionally, personality theories, such as the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and Eysenck's Personality Inventory, include these concepts and further categorize individuals based on other personality dimensions, offering insight into human behavior and psychological functioning.