Final answer:
The tactic of identifying potential subgroups of supporters to send customizable messages is called message targeting. Focus groups and polls aid in crafting these messages, and campaigns focus on swing states and targeted voter groups to maximize the efficient use of resources.
Step-by-step explanation:
The campaign tactic that involves identifying potential subgroups of supporters for customizable messages is known as message targeting. By using tools such as polls, campaigns can determine issues that are important to potential supporters. This information is vital for crafting a campaign message that resonates with these subgroups. It is essential for these messages to be simple for effectiveness. Campaigns create 30-second "sound bites" for media coverage and regularly prepare issue-specific messages tailored for different groups.
Focus groups play a key role in guiding strategic decisions, where voters help campaigns understand their reactions to different campaign facets, like speeches and ads. Campaigns strategically decide which issues to discuss, how to raise funds, and conduct logistic planning like where and for how long to campaign, based on the information from these groups as well as polling data.
Finally, campaigns concentrate their efforts strategically in swing states and districts, maximizing the impact of their campaign dollars by targeting the most likely voter groups and not wasting efforts on those unlikely to change their support.