Final answer:
Ethnocentrism is when a person judges other cultures by their own cultural norms and views them as inferior. It can cause prejudice, misconceptions, and conflicts between different cultural groups. Cultural relativism, on the other hand, is understanding cultures by their own standards.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term for a person who judges other cultures by the standards of his or her own group, leading to prejudice against cultures viewed as inferior, is ethnocentrism. Ethnocentrism is evaluating and judging another culture based on one's own cultural norms and believing that one's own group is the correct measuring standard. As sociologist William Graham Sumner described, it involves a belief or attitude that one's own culture is better than all others. While a high level of appreciation for one's own culture can be beneficial in creating a sense of community, excessive ethnocentrism can result in disdain for other cultures, misunderstandings, stereotyping, and conflict. In contrast, cultural relativism is the practice of assessing another culture by its own standards rather than through the lens of one's own culture.