Final answer:
The skin itself offers protection against UV rays, especially through the action of melanin. Sunscreen and sunblock can enhance this protection, with an SPF 30 sunscreen filtering out about 97% of UVB rays. Sun-protective clothing can also block UVA and UVB rays.
Step-by-step explanation:
The skin functions as an excellent barrier to the sun and other irritants and reflects harmful UV rays. It does this by several means: by having layers of keratin and glycolipids in the stratum corneum which prevent water loss and protect against various environmental factors, by using sweat to deter microbes and by the action of melanin which absorbs and blocks sunlight.
Moreover, people can enhance this protection by using products such as sunscreens and sunblocks. Sunscreen ingredients like oxybenzone and avobenzone absorb UV rays, while sunblock ingredients like zinc oxide and titanium dioxide reflect them. It’s recommended to use sunscreen with a minimum SPF 30 to effectively guard against UVB radiation, filtering out approximately 97% of UVB rays. Additionally, sun-protective clothing with a UPF rating can be worn for added UV protection. Specialized fibers and weaves are designed to block both UVA and UVB rays, thus complementing the use of topical sunscreen or sunblock products.