Final answer:
The statement that the eukaryotic genome is primarily composed of functional genes with little excess DNA is false. Eukaryotic genomes contain a significant amount of noncoding DNA, with only about 1-2% of the human genome encoding proteins. The statement that the eukaryotic genome is composed primarily of functional genes with little excess DNA is false.
Step-by-step explanation:
Eukaryotic organisms, unlike prokaryotes, have a complicated cellular organisation that includes a nucleus and compartmentalization of various cellular functions.
Their genomes are larger, containing not only the genes coding for proteins and RNA products but also a significant amount of noncoding DNA. This noncoding DNA includes elements such as introns within genes, regulatory sequences, and transposable elements which are often referred to as 'selfish DNA' due to their appearance of existing predominantly for self-replication without direct functional benefit to the organism.
Interestingly, recent studies have shown that some noncoding DNA has regulatory roles or is involved in maintaining chromosomal structures.
Thus, the majority of eukaryotic DNA does not directly code for proteins or functional RNA molecules, highlighting the complexity of gene regulation and the storage of genetic information in eukaryotes. It’s estimated that only about 1-2% of the human genome consists of genes encoding proteins, suggesting that a vast portion of eukaryotic DNA does not serve as templates for protein synthesis
The correct option, in this case, is B) False.