Question

At the end of the G2 phase of mitosis, the genetic material in a cell exists as a pair of identical _____; at anaphase of mitosis, these identical structures separate and are then called:

a) Chromatids
b) Centrioles
c) Homologous chromosomes
d) Centromeres

Answer 1

The genetic material in a cell at the end of the G2 phase exists as a pair of identical sister chromatids, which separate during anaphase of mitosis to become individual chromosomes.

Step-by-step explanation:

At the end of the G2 phase of mitosis, the genetic material in a cell exists as a pair of identical sister chromatids; at anaphase of mitosis, these identical structures separate and are then called: a) Chromatids. During the S phase of cell cycle, DNA replication produces two identical copies of each chromosome, known as sister chromatids, which are joined together at the centromere.

The centrosome is also duplicated during the S phase. When the cell reaches anaphase, the cohesin proteins degrade, and the sister chromatids are separated, at which point each chromatid is referred to as a chromosome, and pulled towards opposite poles of the cell.